Archive for May, 2008

What is a Motherboard?

Sunday, May 25th, 2008

A Motherboard (or System Board) is a one of the most essential parts of not just the computer, but many electronics such as televisions and stereos. Also referred to as a Mobo, this component is in charge of relaying information between all the different components connected to it. It’s safe to say the microprocessor is the heart of the computer and the motherboard is the body and structure. The system board itself is made up of chips, transistors, and circuits. The different components, such as the video card, pci cards, and the memory modules talk to each other by transferring data and information along the circuits, or buses on the system board. Pretty much all the internal components of a computer are connected to the system board.

Every motherboard operates off of a BIOS (Basic Input/Output System), which is basically a small program inside a chip on the board that controls how the motherboard operates and handles the components connected to it. When you first turn your computer on, before your operating system loads up, you are seeing your BIOS in action. All those gobbled up words running across the screen is your BIOS running its self tests to see what all is connected to the motherboard, and if there is any problems with any of the components.

When building your own computer, making sure the motherboard you choose has the correct socket for the processor you choose is crucial. Most computer builders pick out a processor first and then choose a motherboard accordingly. So I you were to pick out a Socket 478 Pentium 4 processor then you have to make sure you pick out a motherboard that will fit a Socket 478 Pentuem 4 processor. It’s also always a good idea to purchase a motherboard with more slots (pci and memory) than you currently need, so you can have room for expansion.

My name is Sergio Woods and I’ve been studying computers for over 7 years now. I have a great deal of knowledge in aspects ranging from Internet Administration to software programming to hardware and component installation. In my studies I have come to realize that there are very general things even the most casual computer user should know how to do in order to keep their computer running at its peak performance.

I feel the need to share my knowledge with any and everybody who has the desire I do to learn everything there is to know about the most revolutionary entity in our society. I try my best to explain everything in layman’s terms without using a bunch of technical jargon. Also I’ve realized that there are a lot of people charging people an arm and a leg to give very common computer advise which is not worth that much at all. Sometimes people just need a little push in the right direction, and Computer Maintain.com is here to give you that push.

Sergio Woods
Computer Maintenance Expert
http://computermaintain.com

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Sony Ericsson W960i and Sony Ericsson W910i - The Walkman War

Friday, May 23rd, 2008

The Sony Ericsson Walkman range is otherwise known as the W-Series range and consists of music orientated mobile phones with dedicated music software first seen in stand alone MP3 players.

The idea is that rather than taking two devices with you when leaving your home the Walkman range negated the need to carry a separate MP3 player.

Walkman phones come in many different shapes and sizes, more recently the manufacturer has also been adding new colour schemes to the range to entice consumers, the most successful seems to be the Sony Ericsson W580i Pink Edition, this one handset was the best selling pay as you go device in the lead up to the festive period.

The Sony W910i has also had a make over from its usual black casing and has been released in a deep Red and a Vodafone exclusive Havana Gold version.

The latest addition to the W-Series is the new Sony Ericsson W960i which is following hot on the heels of the last release, Sony W910i. Both handsets are very different in design as the W960i is a touchscreen device allowing access to the manu system by simply touching the screen and navigating your way through, the SOny W910i is a sliding handset that reveals a keypad hidden beneath when slid open, some consumers prefer this design simply because the keys are protected whilst the phone is in the closed position.

The Sony Ericsson W960i has a 2.6 inch touchscreen display with advanced handwriting recognition. Its specification is comparable to Apple’s iPhone. The W960i is a 3G phone, which means fast web browsing and downloads. With Wi-fi the W960i can also connect to your wireless network at home or in the office. It has a 3 megapixel camera with autofocus, flash and video record. There’s also a VGA video call camera. The W960i has one of the best music players seen in a mobile phone and includes the new Shake Control system to skip through music tracks frist seen in the W910i. It’s incredibly user friendly and makes use of the large touchscreen display.

As with all Walkman phones, you can download, stream, store and play back music on your mobile. There’s 8 GB of storage space for MP3s and also an FM radio.

The Sony Ericsson W901i also features the latest Walkman software with Shake Control. Shake the phone to the right to skip forward a track, or to the left to skip back. A double shake will reshuffle the current playlist. The W910i also features SenseMe, a technology that analyses the music stored on the phone and intelligently assigns a mood based on the tempo and style of the music. Afterwards you can create a new playlist according to your state of mind. Gimmicks aside, the W910i has much more to offer. It’s a 3G slider phone with a 2 megapixel camera, video calling, HSDPA and a large 2.4 inch display, yet is weighs just 86g and measures only 12.5mm thick. It’s good looking too. Other features worth noting are HSDPA (3.6 Mbits/sec) for high speed music downloads, web browser, FM radio with RDS, stereo Bluetooth and up to 9 hours talk time per battery charge.

The choice between these two music phones essentially comes down to the amount of storage space needed and the specification of the camera of which the W910i has slightly less to offer, however it is reflected in the handset price, the only other factor that separates these devices is the overall design, some prefer the slide version whilst others the classic candy bar format. However these two phones are viewed, they are both very sophisticated music playing devices that leave many stand alone players out in the cold.

The Sony Ericsson W960i and Sony Ericsson W910i are two of many new Walkman phones to be released this year. Should you require any further information please feel free to visit our online mobile phones shop.

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Routing, Routed, and Non-Routable Protocols

Wednesday, May 21st, 2008

ROUTING PROTOCOLS

A generic term that refers to a formula, or protocol, used by a router to determine the appropriate path over which data is transmitted. The routing protocol also specifies how routers in a network share information with each other and report changes. The routing protocol enables a network to make dynamic adjustments to its conditions, so routing decisions do not have to be predetermined and static.

Routing, Routed and Non-Routable Protocols

ROUTING | ROUTED | NON-ROUTABLE

ROUTING PROTOCOLS

ROUTING PROTOCOLS are the software that allow routers to dynamically advertise and learn routes, determine which routes are available and which are the most efficient routes to a destination. Routing protocols used by the Internet Protocol suite include:

· Routing Information Protocol (RIP and RIP II).
· Open Shortest Path First (OSPF).
· Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS).
· Interrior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP).
· Cisco’s Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP).
· Border Gateway Protocol (BGP).

Routing is the process of moving data across two or more networks. Within a network, all hosts are directly accessable because they are on the same

ROUTED PROTOCOLS

ROUTED PROTOCOLS are nothing more than data being transported across the networks. Routed protocols include:

· Internet Protocol
o Telnet
o Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
o SNMP
o SMTP
· Novell IPX
· Open Standards Institute networking protocol
· DECnet
· Appletalk
· Banyan Vines
· Xerox Network System (XNS)

Outside a network, specialized devices called ROUTES are used to perform the routing process of forwarding packets between networks. Routers are connected to the edges of two or more networks to provide connectivity between them. These devices are usually dedicated machines with specialized hardware and software to speed up the routing process. These devices send and receive routing information to each other about networks that they can and cannot reach. Routers examine all routes to a destination, determine which routes have the best metric, and insert one or more routes into the IP routing table on the router. By maintaining a current list of known routes, routers can quicky and efficiently send your information on it’s way when received.

There are many companies that produce routers: Cisco, Juniper, Bay, Nortel, 3Com, Cabletron, etc. Each company’s product is different in how it is configured, but most will interoperate so long as they share common physical and data link layer protocols (Cisco HDLC or PPP over Serial, Ethernet etc.). Before purchasing a router for your business, always check with your Internet provider to see what equipment they use, and choose a router, which will interoperate with your Internet provider’s equipment.

NON-ROUTABLE PROTOCOLS

NON-ROUTABLE PROTOCOLS cannot survive being routed. Non-routable protocols presume that all computers they will ever communicate with are on the same network (to get them working in a routed environment, you must bridge the networks). Todays modern networks are not very tolerant of protocols that do not understand the concept of a multi-segment network and most of these protocols are dying or falling out of use.

· NetBEUI
· DLC
· LAT
· DRP
· MOP

RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

RIP is a dynamic internetwork routing protocol primary used in interior routing environments. A dynamic routing protocol, as opposed to a static routing protocol, automatically discovers routes and builds routing tables. Interior environments are typically private networks (autonomous systems). In contrast, exterior routing protocols such as BGP are used to exchange route summaries between autonomous systems. BGP is used among autonomous systems on the Internet.

RIP uses the distance-vector algorithm developed by Bellman and Ford (Bellman-Ford algorithm).

Routing Information Protocol

Background

The Routing Information Protocol, or RIP, as it is more commonly called, is one of the most enduring of all routing protocols. RIP is also one of the more easily confused protocols because a variety of RIP-like routing protocols proliferated, some of which even used the same name! RIP and the myriad RIP-like protocols were based on the same set of algorithms that use distance vectors to mathematically compare routes to identify the best path to any given destination address. These algorithms emerged from academic research that dates back to 1957.

Today’s open standard version of RIP, sometimes referred to as IP RIP, is formally defined in two documents: Request For Comments (RFC) 1058 and Internet Standard (STD) 56. As IP-based networks became both more numerous and greater in size, it became apparent to the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) that RIP needed to be updated. Consequently, the IETF released RFC 1388 in January 1993, which was then superceded in November 1994 by RFC 1723, which describes RIP 2 (the second version of RIP). These RFCs described an extension of RIP’s capabilities but did not attempt to obsolete the previous version of RIP. RIP 2 enabled RIP messages to carry more information, which permitted the use of a simple authentication mechanism to secure table updates. More importantly, RIP 2 supported subnet masks, a critical feature that was not available in RIP.

This chapter summarizes the basic capabilities and features associated with RIP. Topics include the routing update process, RIP routing metrics, routing stability, and routing timers.

Routing Updates

RIP sends routing-update messages at regular intervals and when the network topology changes. When a router receives a routing update that includes changes to an entry, it updates its routing table to reflect the new route. The metric value for the path is increased by 1, and the sender is indicated as the next hop. RIP routers maintain only the best route (the route with the lowest metric value) to a destination. After updating its routing table, the router immediately begins transmitting routing updates to inform other network routers of the change. These updates are sent independently of the regularly scheduled updates that RIP routers send.

RIP Routing Metric

RIP uses a single routing metric (hop count) to measure the distance between the source and a destination network. Each hop in a path from source to destination is assigned a hop count value, which is typically 1. When a router receives a routing update that contains a new or changed destination network entry, the router adds 1 to the metric value indicated in the update and enters the network in the routing table. The IP address of the sender is used as the next hop.

RIP Stability Features

RIP prevents routing loops from continuing indefinitely by implementing a limit on the number of hops allowed in a path from the source to a destination. The maximum number of hops in a path is 15. If a router receives a routing update that contains a new or changed entry, and if increasing the metric value by 1 causes the metric to be infinity (that is, 16), the network destination is considered unreachable. The downside of this stability feature is that it limits the maximum diameter of a RIP network to less than 16 hops.

RIP includes a number of other stability features that are common to many routing protocols. These features are designed to provide stability despite potentially rapid changes in a network’s topology. For example, RIP implements the split horizon and holddown mechanisms to prevent incorrect routing information from being propagated.

RIP Timers

RIP uses numerous timers to regulate its performance. These include a routing-update timer, a route-timeout timer, and a route-flush timer. The routing-update timer clocks the interval between periodic routing updates. Generally, it is set to 30 seconds, with a small random amount of time added whenever the timer is reset. This is done to help prevent congestion, which could result from all routers simultaneously attempting to update their neighbors. Each routing table entry has a route-timeout timer associated with it. When the route-timeout timer expires, the route is marked invalid but is retained in the table until the route-flush timer expires.

Packet Formats
The following section focuses on the IP RIP and IP RIP 2 packet formats illustrated in Figures 44-1 and 44-2. Each illustration is followed by descriptions of the fields illustrated. RIP Packet Format

· Command—Indicates whether the packet is a request or a response. The request asks that a router send all or part of its routing table. The response can be an unsolicited regular routing update or a reply to a request. Responses contain routing table entries. Multiple RIP packets are used to convey information from large routing tables.

· Version number—Specifies the RIP version used. This field can signal different potentially incompatible versions.

· Zero—This field is not actually used by RFC 1058 RIP; it was added solely to provide backward compatibility with prestandard varieties of RIP. Its name comes from its defaulted value: zero.

· Address-family identifier (AFI)—Specifies the address family used. RIP is designed to carry routing information for several different protocols. Each entry has an address-family identifier to indicate the type of address being specified. The AFI for IP is 2.

· Address—Specifies the IP address for the entry.

· Metric—Indicates how many internetwork hops (routers) have been traversed in the trip to the destination. This value is between 1 and 15 for a valid route, or 16 for an unreachable route.

Note: Up to 25 occurrences of the AFI, Address, and Metric fields are permitted in a single IP RIP packet. (Up to 25 destinations can be listed in a single RIP packet.)

RIP 2 Packet Format

· Command—Indicates whether the packet is a request or a response. The request asks that a router send all or a part of its routing table. The response can be an unsolicited regular routing update or a reply to a request. Responses contain routing table entries. Multiple RIP packets are used to convey information from large routing tables.

· Version—Specifies the RIP version used. In a RIP packet implementing any of the RIP 2 fields or using authentication, this value is set to 2.

· Unused—Has a value set to zero.

· Address-family identifier (AFI)—Specifies the address family used. RIPv2’s AFI field functions identically to RFC 1058 RIP’s AFI field, with one exception: If the AFI for the first entry in the message is 0xFFFF, the remainder of the entry contains authentication information. Currently, the only authentication type is simple password.

· Route tag—Provides a method for distinguishing between internal routes (learned by RIP) and external routes (learned from other protocols).

· IP address—Specifies the IP address for the entry.

· Subnet mask—Contains the subnet mask for the entry. If this field is zero, no subnet mask has been specified for the entry.

·Next hop—Indicates the IP address of the next hop to which packets for the entry should be forwarded.

· Metric—Indicates how many internetwork hops (routers) have been traversed in the trip to the destination. This value is between 1 and 15 for a valid route, or 16 for an unreachable route.

Note: Up to 25 occurrences of the AFI, Address, and Metric fields are permitted in a single IP RIP packet. That is, up to 25 routing table entries can be listed in a single RIP packet. If the AFI specifies an authenticated message, only 24 routing table entries can be specified. Given that individual table entries aren’t fragmented into multiple packets, RIP does not need a mechanism to resequence datagrams bearing routing table updates from neighboring routers.

Summary

Despite RIP’s age and the emergence of more sophisticated routing protocols, it is far from obsolete. RIP is mature, stable, widely supported, and easy to configure. Its simplicity is well suited for use in stub networks and in small autonomous systems that do not have enough redundant paths to warrant the overheads of a more sophisticated protocol.

Review Questions

Q—Name RIP’s various stability features.
A—RIP has numerous stability features, the most obvious of which is RIP’s maximum hop count. By placing a finite limit on the number of hops that a route can take, routing loops are discouraged, if not completely eliminated. Other stability features include its various timing mechanisms that help ensure that the routing table contains only valid routes, as well as split horizon and holddown mechanisms that prevent incorrect routing information from being disseminated throughout the network.

Q—What is the purpose of the timeout timer?
A—The timeout timer is used to help purge invalid routes from a RIP node. Routes that aren’t refreshed for a given period of time are likely invalid because of some change in the network. Thus, RIP maintains a timeout timer for each known route. When a route’s timeout timer expires, the route is marked invalid but is retained in the table until the route-flush timer expires.

Q—What two capabilities are supported by RIP 2 but not RIP?
A—RIP 2 enables the use of a simple authentication mechanism to secure table updates. More importantly, RIP 2 supports subnet masks, a critical feature that is not available in RIP.

Q—What is the maximum network diameter of a RIP network?
A—A RIP network’s maximum diameter is 15 hops. RIP can count to 16, but that value is considered an error condition rather than a valid hop count.

This article is submitted by Kashif Raza http://www.networkingtutorials.net

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Honesty in the Printing Industry - Is It Alive & Well?

Tuesday, May 20th, 2008

I was recently chatting with a business colleague of mine who was going bush in his Landrover.

What’s this got to do with printing?

Well, prior to the trip he took his vehicle to the local mechanic to check it over. The mechanic had a quick look at it, made a few recommendations but refused to fix the car.

Why?

Because he didn’t believe he had the expertise to do so.

In a nutshell, he had integrity. And the uncommon ability to admit he wasn’t qualified to do the job… even if it meant he’ll lose a few bucks in the short term.

In the printing industry however, YOU need to be sure that the printer who’s doing your work is actually equipped to do it in terms of equipment & experience.

Find out how to choose the The Right Printing Company for you.

Here’s a few issues that I’ve come across over the years:

Example #1:

A brochure printed full colour (or 4 colour process printing as it’s technically referred to) that had obviously been produced on a press capable of printing 2 colours only per pass and lacking the extremely tight tolerances required for 4 colour process printing.

The result was the coloured photos looked ‘blurry’ with light yellow/red tinged halo around some of the images - unacceptable quality with negative impact on the customer’s market presence.

Example #2:

Preprinted specialist medical report forms that required personalising with the recipient’s name and address, through a high-speed laser printer, at a later date.

The printer did not use the specially formulated ink that’s required to withstand the intense heat of a laser printer and as a consequence, the ink ’stripped’ off the sheets and adhered to the printing drum inside the laser printer as they ran through.

The result was an extremely expensive repair job to the laser printer and the documents missed the ‘due by’ date and had to be reprinted.

Example #3:

An A5 promotional folder, with both the front and back covers printed with a solid 100% coverage of dark blue, was printed then sent to another supplier for laminating. The ink coverage was uneven and thin resulting in varying shades of the original colour and was left with a ‘transparent’ appearance with the grain of the stock showing through.

This exercise resulted in a wrestling match between the customer and the printer with the latter shedding all responsibility for the error onto the laminating company.

The printer agreed to reprint the document but not cover the cost of a second laminating run. The laminating company, understandably, would not cover any cost for laminating the reprint.

In the end, the customer was the loser, accepting the discount. But ending up with a second rate marketing document where their corporate colour varied considerably over the entire run.

Example #4:

A shareholder’s 24 Page quarterly report had a tight delivery time and they especially requested that the pages were not to be numbered.

The printer they chose to produce the job did not have in-house binding or finishing equipment, so they outsourced it.

A breakdown in communication between the sales rep, the order entry clerk, the printing production manager and the purchasing officer who wrote the order to the finishing house, resulted in the report being collated and bound with the pages in the wrong sequence.

The error was noticed by a shareholder after the total quantity had been mailed and as a consequence the report had to be reprinted and it that all important missed the delivery date.

A direct result of ‘chinese whispers” and mismanagement.

In a manufacturing situation, such as printing, the chance of error increases dramatically when two or more people, or production units share responsibility for the one job.

So how do you avoid all of these problems?

Well, here’s a list of points to check and questions to ask any printer to see if they are REALLY qualified to take on your job, or not.

Question #1:

Ask the sales rep if they have a 4 colour press - ask to see it as well as printed samples of previous jobs.

Question #2:

Ask the sales rep if the press or presses his company has can print a dark, solid colour with 100% coverage over an A4 sheet - ask to see printed samples of previous jobs that are similar to yours.

Question #3:

Does your printer ask you specifically ‘what happens to the document after we print it’ or does he wait until you tell him?

You need to know this because many documents are used in specific situations that need to be taken into account prior to or following production.

Situations such as specially formulated ink for laser overprinting, light fast inks for documents with high exposure to daylight, what is the life of the document and will it be constantly handled and/or abused, is heavyweight binding, varnishing or laminating required to help withstand this abuse, the list is endless.

Question #4:

If your order requires any finishing, scoring, die-cutting, laminating, binding or embellishment (embossing, foiling, etc) - ask your sales rep the question ‘does your company do all the required finishing for my job, in-house’

Beware of the pitfalls if they don’t.

Question #5:

And the most important one - ask the sales rep for the quality and service guarantees that his company offers and request them in writing.

So there you have it.

Next time you deal with a printer, they’ll treat you with a lot more respect because you know what they don’t want you to know.

And that knowledge, my friend, gives you the upper hand.

Obviously, nothing beats experience. And the more you do it, the better you’ll get.

Peter Kirkham is a Qualified Printing Trade Specialist and Commercial Printing Broker with Print Acumen Pty Ltd in Perth, Western Australia.

With over 40 years of industry experience, Peter provides a wonderful collection of insider tips & proven methods that will save you a substantial amount of money & time on company printing. His FREE guide, Printing Secrets Exposed is freely available to everyone to download.

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Home Network File Sharing On Windows Vista, XP And 2000

Sunday, May 18th, 2008

Recently, I got a laptop with Windows Vista installed. On my home network file sharing is enabled on each computer. I share a couple of folders on each computer in order to easily access and transfer files between computers.

For security reasons, it’s important to share a certain folder especially intended for filesharing, instead of just your C:\ drive for example. This way you can control which files are accessible from another computer. This way you have total control which files on your computer are exposed to the outside world.

At home I make use of a workgroup with the following name: home. It’s important that each computer is also a member of the workgroup home, otherwise you can’t share files between all of your computers in your home network.

With my Windows Vista laptop I had some trouble sharing files, because Windows Vista’s file sharing security is better than on Windows XP or Windows 2000. On my Windows Vista I was able to ’see’ the shares on my XP and 2000 machines, however I was not able to see my Windows Vista shares on my Windows XP and Windows 2000 computers.

On my Windows Vista laptop I granted user ‘Richard’ with administrator rights access to these shares. This is an essential step when you share a folder. Also I gave the user ‘Everyone’ and ‘Guest’ and ‘Anonymous Logon’ rights to these shares (but this was really not necessary, as I realised later on). Still, on my XP and 2000 machines I was not able to access Vista’s shared folders.

In Windows Vista’s networking center all settings were correct: my network had local and internet access, networking detection was enabled, file sharing was enabled, sharing public folders was enabled (this is actually only necessary when you want to share your public folders), printer sharing was enabled (this is not really necessary for file sharing) and sharing with password protection was also enabled.

The Windows firewall on my Vista laptop was also enabled (which is no problem in case in the Windows firewall settings on the tabpage ‘Exceptions’ the file- and printersharing setting is ‘checked’, because then the Windows firewall is not blocking file- and printersharing).

The cause of the problem of not being able to access my Windows Vista’s shares was because in Windows Vista’s networking center, sharing with password protection was enabled. I quickly found out that when this setting was disabled, I was able to access my Vista shares on my XP and 2000 machines. However, I rather have a good security, that’s why I turned it on again and I quickly found out that the user ‘Richard’ on my Vista laptop must also exist as a user with the same name and same password on my XP and 2000 machines.

After having user ‘Richard’ on both my Windows Vista and Windows XP and Windows 2000 machines, I was still not able to access my Vista shares. I wondered how this can be. The reason was that my user ‘Richard’ didn’t have a password. After setting a real, non-empty password for user ‘Richard’ on all my machines, Vista’s shares became visible on my XP machine (after logging of from Windows and logging on again on my Vista and XP computers).

Unfortunately, on one of my Windows 2000 computers, I still was not able to see Windows Vista’s shares. I suspected that I needed to install the latest Windows 2000 service pack 4. Indeed, after installing this service pack on my Windows 2000 machine, Vista’s shares also became available on my Windows 2000 machine.

On my Windows XP and Windows 2000 machines, I run ZoneAlarm as a firewall. My experience is that this is a great firewall. It’s important that ZoneAlarm is not blocking traffic to and from ip numbers in your home networking range (which is in my case the ip range between ip numbers 10.0.0.150 and 10.0.0.153). I added this ip range to the trusted zone in ZoneAlarm. In case you suspect your firewall is blocking filesharing, try shutting down all of your firewalls in your home network and figure out which firewall is blocking the filesharing in your home network.

Author is a professional software engineer and has over 10 years of software development experience.

For more information visit his site http://www.software-secrets.com.

Free online computer training - Software Secrets - Your Software Guide. Computer Training, Microsoft Excel Tutorial, Microsoft Word Tutorial, Microsoft Software Explained. Be more productive and save time and money.

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Computer Forensic Classes

Saturday, May 17th, 2008

Computer forensics is becoming a popular profession among law enforcement, government intelligence and corporate security professionals. As the profession demands extraordinary skills and an investigative instinct, basic training is necessary.

This high quality computer forensic training is available through renowned universities and colleges for which conditions apply with regard to personal history and citizenship.

The universities provide customized training designed to meet the specific needs of a law enforcement or intelligence agency. Expert faculty, who are retired personnel from major federal law enforcement agencies, trains professionals. They are internationally recognized for demonstrated expertise in the field.

An intensive 45 hours laboratory course is designed to equip government and corporate investigators with skills needed to safely locate and secure the computer evidence at search sites, as well as off-site analysis.

With the help of challenging group exercises and written examinations, forensic concepts and procedural skills are reinforced. An optional, online, 9-hour seminar is also available, primarily on hacker and child pornography.

Forensic examiners are provided with an essential understanding of federal and state computer laws by the newly introduced 5-day Computer Forensics Legal Issues course.

A special one-day non-examiner laboratory first responder course has been designed to introduce the examiner assistants to concepts and skills needed at the computer search. An 8-hour non-laboratory seminar, called Computer Forensics Program Manager is available for individual, responsible for supervising computer forensics operations. The course also provides an overview of essential computer forensics concepts and procedures, personnel staffing and equipment alternatives. The Program Manager seminar is inclusive of a 4-hour terrorist threat multimedia briefing.

A 6-day Computer Forensics Advanced course is designed using Linux to safely and effectively analyze Windows systems, including Windows 9.x. ME, XP and 2000 Professional. The program also includes a computer forensics technical report-writing laboratory. As the courses are no more restricted to fulltime government employees or a selected group of corporate security investigators, they are becoming popular among law enforcement, government intelligence, and corporate security professionals.

Computer Forensics provides detailed information on Computer Forensics, Computer Forensics Software, Computer Forensics Consulting, Computer Forensics Jobs and more. Computer Forensics is affiliated with Industrial Robots.

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Mathomatic - Computer Based Algebra System

Thursday, May 15th, 2008

At present a huge number of prominent educational institutions are dedicated to the cause of online learning and in recent times, there has emerged a huge demand for online educational courses. This is evident from the fact that millions of individuals around the world being engaged online learning courses and their number is steadily increasing. It is interesting to note that there are various reasons that contribute to the rapid success of online educational courses. These include the fact that online education does not require one to travel physically to a location to study and therefore it is possible for many to indulge in online courses of prominent universities without having to travel to the location.

Computers and access to the World Wide Web are prevalent in almost every household at present and therefore it is not difficult to enjoy the benefits of online education. In order to aid course management and also to facilitate online learning, there have been introduced various software tools known as course management systems, learning management systems or virtual learning environments and these play a dominant role in the tutor student interaction in case of online learning. This is because online education is characterized by different modes of assessment for which the tutors set tasks and software applications provide gradation systems to aid the tutors. Mathomatic is a portable and free computer based algebra system which is used in facilitating the development of online education and also in aiding the tutors in setting tasks for the students. It also serves as a calculator. Mathomatic is a software application which provides symbolic solutions for complex number and polynomial arithmetic and also for algebraic equations. Apart from these, complex mathematical problems like calculus, trigonometry, logarithms are also possible to be solved with the aid of this software application. However, it is necessary to bear in mind that large expressions for solving these mathematical problems are not permitted by Mathomatic as it occupies greater memory space and at the same time takes a lot of time for solving. It is also possible to transform the Mathomatic software in to performing as assignments in Java, C and Python programming languages.

Mathomatic is extremely easy to adapt and does not require any specialized knowledge for performance. Moreover, it is possible to function this software in any operating system because of its command line interface. All algebraic equations are provided pertaining to solution by the inbuilt calculator provided by the Mathomatic application. It is however not applicable for high accuracy systems.

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Explore the World Of Mobile Phone Applications

Wednesday, May 14th, 2008

We are rapidly getting to the point where the single most important medium that people have is their wireless device. These devices are with them every single moment of the day. Today, mobile phones are not only used for making calls, text messaging but have become the ‘portals’ that allow consumers to communicate, gather information, entertain and organize themselves.

Mobile applications for various operating systems are widely popular these days. They are available in various categories of Business & Professional, Entertainment, Security, lifestyle, health, travel and many others. They have changed the way people work, live and manage their lives, making it easier and convenient for them.

According to a report, in modern businesses over 60% of employees use mobile phones for work, between 20-40% use laptop and less than 20% use PDA. As professionals become increasingly mobile they require useful applications like eWorks Pro, Documents To Go and Agendus to stay in-touch with their offices, colleagues, partners, and clients.

It was pointed out in one of the Google event that it’s very important to understand the users before you make mobile applications. Mobile users can be divided into three behavior groups. First group is the “repetitive now” user who is looking for the same piece of information over and over again, like checking the same stock quotes or weather. These users are mainly interested in subscription based applications/services like “The Weather Channel” where information is constantly updated and easily accessible.

The second group of user is “bored now” category who has enough time on their hands. They include people on trains or waiting in airports or sitting in cafes. Mobile users in this behavior group mostly look for entertaining applications like FaceWarp, Bookworm, UltraIM Pro or fun mix of games like Sudoku Gold, Digich Solitaire 4Pack and many others.

The third group of user is “urgent now” and wants to find something specific fast, like the location of a bakery or directions to the airport. This category includes all travel related applications like MobiTrack2007, Spb Traveler, or VITO SmartMap that help travelers to stay in touch while navigating to the important destinations.

We cant deny the fact that mobile applications have opened up new world of possibilities for us in every sphere of our lives, but they can be only be useful if they fulfill the desired need of the consumer whenever and wherever he requires.

Sarah Shaukat is a technical writer, and has written extensively on mobile phone applications, softwares and games. Most of her writings are on Blackberry and Nokia N Series Applications and softwares.

Online Loans UK - Easy and Fast Loans to Help Your Meeting Needs

Tuesday, May 13th, 2008

Every time you may not have all the bucks you need. So, when you are to meet a need at urgent pace, what would you do then, if you don’t have enough in your pocket? Here is a solution; you can go for online loans in the UK. They are the fast paced loans where easy money is available for any need.

The main thrust of online loans UK lies with the fact that these loans are available online. There are a number of benefits to go online for the borrower. Applying online is free of cost and the application process is also easy like anything. Here, you have to apply through only a small application form which is also easy and simple. And, finding the bets is easier because most of the UK lenders are flocked online.

However, online loans UK are kind of a great gift for the UK residents. They are available in all the regular formats. There are both the secured and unsecured online loans UK. Secured loans offer you cheaper rates because of the collateral pledged and advance you a sum ranging between £ 5000 and £ 75000 while the term of these range between 5 years and 25 years. Again, unsecured online loans UK are advanced without asking any collateral from you. They are advanced for a period ranging from 1 year to 10 years while the amount advanced in these range between £ 1000 and £ 25000.

There are again, this is for the bad credit holders, however, with a rate of interest that would be a bit of higher interest rate.

The benefits of online loans UK is advanced for a number of reasons. You can take online loans UK to meet your debts, to spruce up your business, to improve the décor of your home, to buy a car of your choice or to go for a holiday even. They are always there with you, with enough of benefits, every hour with round the clock service.

Ashley P Lewis is a debt consolidator and advisor and has been dealing with various finance programs. If you want to know more about Online Loans UK, Fast Loans, Online Personal Loans, Fast Online Loans you can visit http://www.fastonlineloans.org.uk/

Latest Mobile Phones - The Choice Matters

Monday, May 12th, 2008

The latest mobile phones have affected the mindsets of the people to a great extent. People seem to depend upon these small gadgets for every simple task. Moreover, searching the best option is the priority of the users these days. It is always necessary to stay updated with the changes of the technology. Innovations in every every field has raised the expectation of the people to seek more comfort. Creativity and imagination cannot be measured. The combination of both of these factors has created wonders in the technological world. The mobile phones are constantly changing their facet of communication and entertainment.

The mobile phone manufactures have cleverly visualized the unending requirements and the demands of the users. To fulfill the demands of the people these manufactures are fastening their belts to offer the best. The rivalry between the manufacturers has made the competition stiff. Thus, the latest mobile phones which are launched at regular intervals, readily incite the consumers to purchase them as they come equipped with innovative and advanced features. They are particularly designed after careful research and survey. These handsets have mammoth storage capacity, in built music player, camera and various multimedia options. They are specially crafted to surpass the utility of other electronic gadgets.

The Samsung mobile phones are usually preferred by the users for their stylish and sleek designs. This brand has created goodwill in the market with its innovative designer handsets. However, these stylish and slim gadgets also come loaded with various high end features. This company launches special series such as G, U etc to categorize their widgets. Some of the most popular handsets of this company are Samsung Armani, Samsung G600 and Samsung G800 etc.

The Nokia mobile phones are popular among the users because of their durability and the reliability factor. The handsets of this brand come with great battery back up feature. This company efficiently understands the specific requirements of every segment of people. The most recent N series gadgets have astir the consumers with their astounding features. These gadgets have abundant storage capacity and amazing multimedia features. Moreover, these phones are very stylish and would permit the users to enjoy flawless connectivity. Some of the preferred handsets of this company are Nokia 1110, Nokia N 95 and Nokia N95 8GB etc.

With the latest mobile phones the users can comfortably facilitate all their communication and amusement requirements. These path breaking gadgets such as camera phones and multimedia phones have greatly gained popularity among the masses with their unique features.

Additnow offers latest mobile phones with Nokia mobile phones and latest launched Nokia N95 8GB with contract deals and special offers in UK.